Daily and nondaily smokers did not differ on age, year in college, use of multiple tobacco products, readiness to quit, prior quit attempts, psychological factors, and high-risk drinking behaviors. 17 Nondaily smokers were also more likely to minimize or deny the health effects associated with smoking than were daily smokers. 13 Nondaily smokers reported lower nicotine dependence scores on the Fagertsrom Test for Nicotine Dependence than daily smokers. Although this study highlights several health behaviors associated with daily and nondaily smoking, it did not report on demographic or other contextual differences between the smoking groups.Īmes and colleagues assessed sociodemographic, tobacco use, psychological and alcohol-related factors between daily and nondaily college students from 2 large public universities. Daily smokers (compared to nondaily) were more likely to report not wearing seatbelts and exercising less frequently. 3 Results revealed that any level of smoking (compared to no smoking) was associated with high-risk drinking, risky driving, relational abuse, depression, less exercise, and utilization of emergency and mental health services. Halerpin and colleagues assessed health and behavioral risks associated with different levels of smoking among a sample of college students accessing health education or medical care at five public universities. 16 Understanding the ways in which nondaily smokers are similar to and different from daily and non-smokers is important for the development of targeted interventions.Īlthough several studies have documented the large proportion of college student who are nondaily smokers, relatively few studies have compared nondaily smoking to daily and non-smoking by college students. 15, 16 Once identified, nondaily smokers are still less likely than daily smokers to receive advise to quit from health care providers. 13 Because they do not typically self-identify, nondaily smokers and are less likely than daily smokers to be identified by clinicians. Nondaily smokers often minimize the health effects of their tobacco use. Nondaily smokers are intermittent tobacco users who most often do not consider themselves to be smokers, 10, 14 creating a challenge for interventions. 7– 10 Nondaily smokers refer to those who have smoked in the past month, but less than every day 1, 3, 11– 13 We have chosen to focus on nondaily smoking, defined as smoking on fewer than every day in the previous month, because this definition has been shown to be valid and stable over time. 4 Social smoking is thought to be a subset of occasional smoking that describes smoking in social situations. Examples include occasional smoking which typically refers to smoking on some, but not all days 4– 6 or smoking every few days, every few weeks, or every few months. 2 The broad category is often referred to as light and intermittent smoking (LITS), 2 with several subcategories. 1– 3 Despite this pattern of smoking being very common, there is no consistent definition or terminology in the literature for smoking less than daily. Infrequent or intermittent smoking (smoking on some, but not all days) is very common among college students, accounting for more than two thirds of college smokers. Most college students who smoke cigarettes do not do so on a daily basis.
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